Use the Z-test Calculator<\/a> when needed<\/p>\n2014\t772107\t605907_x000D_\n2013\t757403\t582908_x000D_\n2012\t413376\t341652_x000D_\n2011\t440862\t388058_x000D_\n2010\t543241\t471747_x000D_\n2009\t350717\t232094_x000D_\n2008 \t331468 \t224684_x000D_\n2007 \t187015 \t129062_x000D_\n2006 \t312102 \t197539_x000D_\n2005 \t363993 \t249633_x000D_\n2004 \t511767 \t342302_x000D_\n2003 \t546394 \t368345_x000D_\n2002 \t540173 \t380976_x000D_\n2001 \t556690 \t437120_x000D_\n2000 \t253067 \t152763_x000D_\n1999 \t171079 \t106891_x000D_\n1998 \t133619 99432_x000D_\n1997 \t207552 \t145958_x000D_\n1996 \t154044 \t101616_x000D_\n1995 \t108980 \t84692_x000D_\n1994 \t136288 \t107889_x000D_\n1993 \t172655 \t133097_x000D_\n1992 \t141347 \t111723_x000D_\n1991 \t116181 \t82636_x000D_\n1990 \t174773 \t121159_x000D_\n1989 \t252848 \t151486_x000D_\n1988 \t308355 \t184870_x000D_\n1987 \t356113 \t237200_x000D_\n1986 \t266175 \t207819_x000D_\n1985 \t223400 \t161401_x000D_\n1984 \t132990 \t102675_x000D_\n1983 \t114855 91905_x000D_\n1982 \t112517 69246_x000D_\n1981 \t101257 63427_x000D_\n1980 \t93935 63215_x000D_\n1979 \t107737 69756_x000D_\n1978 \t167434 \t123542_x000D_\n1977 \t169886 \t128363_x000D_\n1976 \t126200 80900_x000D_\n1975 \t142900 83400_x000D_\n1974 \t137400 93300_x000D_\n1973 \t208900 \t148500_x000D_\n1972 \t187000 \t146700_x000D_\n1971 \t165100 \t134000_x000D_\n1970 \t175900 \t136000_x000D_\n1969 \t215300 \t173600_x000D_\n1968 \t198300 \t155400_x000D_\n1967 \t181400 \t146500_x000D_\n1966 \t204200 \t179700_x000D_\n1965 \t127400 \t101600_x000D_\n1964 \t153000 \t138600_x000D_\n1963 \t125800 \t110500_x000D_\n1962 \t169200 \t133800_x000D_\n1961 \t201300 \t131800_x000D_\n1960 \t196900 \t154300_x000D_\n1959 \t207500 \t171500_x000D_\n1958 \t301900 \t226100_x000D_\n1957 \t312700 \t292700<\/pre>\na) Enter the data into the chart tool (you can minimize typing by just entering the data in units of thousands so instead of entering 312700 just enter 312 or 313 if you want to round up). Include your chart in your homework submission and comment on the ensuing pattern of the data that you notice. <\/p>\n
b) Compute the means and standard deviations over the entire data period (1957-2014) and use the Z-test to show that the Counts at McNary Dam are significantly lower than at the Dalles Dam. <\/p>\n
c) For just the Dalles Dam counts: Compute the average and standard deviation of the counts between the period 2001- 2014 and from 1957-1999. Use the Z-test to determine if there is a significant difference between these two time periods. <\/p>\n
d)From the result you just got above, what does this tell you about the relation between dams and decreasing salmon in the Columbia River system. Offer a data informed opinion and not your personal opinion. <\/p>\n
e) Compared to the 2001-2014 period (again Dalles Dam) are the low counts observed in 2007 statistically significant? If so, what factors in that year do you think might have caused this (temporary) decline (do some research to support your statements)<\/h4>\n