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For this three-part assessment you will create a histogram or bar graph for a data set, perform assumption and correlation tests, and interpret your graphic and test results in a 2-to-3 page paper.<\/p>\n

In this unit we focus on whether two or more groups have important differences on a single variable of interest. For example, for the dependent variable stress score<\/em>, we may want to know if there is a difference in stress between males and females, or maybe we would like to know if there is a difference in stress levels between people who drink chamomile tea and those who do not, or maybe we would like to determine if a group of expectant parents is less anxious (this is the dependent variable) about the birthing experience after a series of discussions with experienced parents. In each of these examples we have two groups (two groups being compared or the same group being compared before and after), and one dependent variable that is being compared in each group. In this unit you will begin exploring popular statistical techniques (and their assumptions) that are used to compare two or more groups.<\/p>\n

The independent t-test,<\/em> also called unpaired t-test<\/em>, is typically used in health care to compare two groups of individuals that are entirely unrelated to each other (that is, independent), thus the one group cannot influence the other group. For example, we may wish to compare a drug treatment group to a control group (those not receiving drug treatment) for a specific clinical characteristic (dependent variable) that can be measured at the interval or ratio level (such as cholesterol, depression scale, or memory test).<\/p>\n

The dependent t-test<\/em>, also called paired t-test<\/em>, compares two groups for a dependent variable measured at the interval or ratio level as well; however, these two groups are in reality just one group. But because they are measured before and after an intervention, we consider them as two groups for analytical purposes. This group is considered dependent because nothing is expected to vary in the nature of the individuals being measured except as a result of the intervention, as the group is composed of the same individuals.<\/p>\n

Overview<\/h4>\n

One of the most important steps along the researcher’s path to data analysis is to become familiar with the character of the raw data collected for the project. Before weaving the strands of data into an analytical story that is related to a study’s goals, researchers typically inspect the completeness and quality of the data with various\u00a0visualization techniques (graphics), summary tables, and mathematical tests of quality (assumption tests), as discussed in Assessment 2. One of these latter tests is a correlation analysis<\/em>. With this approach, the researcher performs a very basic series of exploratory tests on variable pairs to identify any potentially interesting (yet unknown) relationships between groups of data (variables). Correlational analyses are often later performed as part of the predetermined data analysis plan to answer a specific research question.<\/p>\n

Demonstration of Proficiency<\/h4>\n

By successfully completing this assessment you will address the following scoring guide criteria, which align to the indicated course competencies.<\/p>\n