Once physicians have begun to consider their own role in perpetuating racial-ethnic disparities and have expressed an interest in changing their behaviors, what are the most effective interventions? Increasing awareness of racial-ethnic disparities is useful but insufficient ( 17 ). When educational interventions are undertaken, they may be most effective when presented from within the provider community—for example, educational information presented by the APA or other national or local professional groups may be deemed more authoritative and believable than information from other sources ( 16 ).